户籍制度视角下的江苏省人口时空格局响应     

臧磊  杨山  周蕾 《热带地理》2013,33(4):450-458

以江苏省为例,选取人口密度为基础数据,以县域为研究单元,通过空间自相关、重心迁移以及注入脉冲响应分析,刻画江苏省人口时空格局与户籍制度之间的时空响应关系及趋势。结果表明：1990-2010年江苏省人口格局整体保持“南高北低”的态势,该现象与社会经济发展水平呈正相关关系;人口密度相似的地区在空间上呈集聚分布,并呈明显的沿江化特征;各县市对户籍制度改革的响应具有地域性,南北响应差异逐渐缩小;人口空间格局对户籍制度的响应具有滞后性,速度呈现出由加快到平稳的态势。在此基础上,根据研究结论提出3点建议：第一,在改革思路上实现“两保两新”,阶梯式、差别化赋予权利;其次,积极推进苏北地区的社会保障体系改革;最后,通过产业发展上的“以业控人”和城市发展上的合理规划、科学布局防止流动人口加重“城市病”。  相似文献   

改进氨水-碘量法测定高银铜精矿中铜的含量     

李敏 《地质与资源》2013,22(4):330-332

在对广西河池地区高银铜精矿中铜含量的测定中,由于样品中银含量较高,极大地影响终点判定,常用国标碘量法无法准确对铜含量进行定量.用氨水-碘量法将样品利用盐酸-硝酸-溴体系处理,样品充分溶解后,用盐酸去除高含量银残留的影响,用氨水-乙酸法调节溶液pH值,用硫代硫酸钠标准溶液滴定测定样品中铜的含量,结果满意.  相似文献   

石门揭煤突出模拟实验台的设计与应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王刚  程卫民  张清涛  孙路路  粟才全 《岩土力学》2013,34(4):1202-1210

基于石门揭煤过程中采掘应力场与瓦斯突出关系研究的需要,针对目前石门揭煤突出模型还处在实验室研究的阶段,而大部分都未能综合考虑瓦斯压力、地应力、煤的物理力学性质等对突出的影响,研制出一套能够综合考虑地应力、瓦斯压力及煤体结构的石门揭煤突出模拟试验系统。为取得准确、客观的试验效果,进行了密封、快速开启装置及氮气平衡系统等关键技术的设计,介绍了试验系统的主要组成结构、功能。利用该实验台进行石门揭煤突出试验,试验结果反映出在突出过程中地应力和瓦斯压力的变化情况,可为研究和揭示煤与瓦斯突出机制、突出过程中地应力和瓦斯压力的变化规律提供新的技术手段。  相似文献   

植被作用下膨胀土渗透和力学特性及堑坡防护机制     

李雄威  孔令伟  郭爱国 《岩土力学》2013,34(1):85-91

以广西膨胀土为研究对象,考虑植被的影响,进行了现场渗透和植被根系加筋作用力学试验,并在试验结果的基础上,对膨胀土堑坡的植被防护作用进行数值模拟。研究结果表明,植被根系的加筋作用和植被的蒸发、蒸腾作用是从两个不同的方面维持边坡稳定的,并且在降雨过程中的发挥过程有着先后的顺序。根系的加筋作用增强了土体的强度,植被的蒸发、蒸腾作用阻止了土体强度的进一步衰减。此外,植被覆盖下土体的吸湿与脱湿过程应采用不同的渗透曲线,由于植被防护在施工后未长成的一段时间内十分脆弱,所以对生长期内的植被根系力学特性进行研究具有重要意义。项目研究成果可为膨胀土地区堑坡植被防护设计和施工的发展和应用提供有益参考。  相似文献   

基于三维流-固耦合模型的油井出砂细观机制研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘先珊  许明 《岩土力学》2013,34(8):2363-2370

油井出砂机制的研究是提高油藏产能和石油开采成本减小的关键课题,而常规的宏观力学理论和方法不能全面反映油藏开采过程中油井出砂的发生和发展。鉴于砂岩储层的物理性质和射孔试验特征,从岩土力学的角度建立基于柱坐标系的三维颗粒流数值模型,与理论分析成果进行比较,以说明该细观数值模型可行性,有效地模拟出砂过程中的渗流及流-固耦合效应。在该基础上,综合考虑流体压力梯度力和拖曳力,基于PFC3D模型模拟流体不同运动时的砂岩性态。数值分析得到的模型宏观应力图形说明流体运动对砂岩力学特性的影响不可忽略,且在相同条件下,流量越大,砂岩的塑性区越大,形成砂岩破坏出砂的几率也越大。同时,不同工况的砂岩黏结分布和颗粒转动图形表明,相同条件下流量越大,颗粒间平行黏结破坏越多,颗粒转动越大,失去黏结约束的颗粒也越多,出砂量就越大,可见两种细观特征图形与宏观应力图形变化规律一致,该模型可用于油井出砂机制的研究,可为出砂量预测及出砂控制提供新的研究思路。  相似文献   

双重介质渗流水力特性试验装置研究及应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李琛亮  沈振中  赵坚  郭玉嵘  魏金帅 《岩土力学》2013,34(8):2421-2429

研制的双重介质渗流水力特性试验系统,由双重介质试验模块、水循环控制模块和数据采集模块三部分组成,较好地解决了孔隙介质和裂隙介质的模拟、边界条件的模拟、止水工艺的完善和水交换信息采集等关键问题,并具有裂隙宽度可调节,精度高,自动化程度高,试验数据实时全自动采集等特点。该系统可用以研究基于双重介质模型的水量交换以及渗流场的水压分布规律以及双重介质的水力性态和渗流机制。利用该试验系统进行双重法介质渗流水力特性试验,通过趋势图直观分析、极差和方差分析和F-检验等分析手段,得出孔隙-裂隙双重介质水交换影响因子对双重介质水交换的影响能力,从大到小依次为：裂隙宽度、孔隙介质渗透系数、压力梯度、水温。  相似文献   

On the SAR derived alert in the detection of oil spills according to the analysis of the EGEMP     

Guido Ferraro  Björn Baschek  Ove Njoten  Michele Vespe 《Marine pollution bulletin》2010,60(1):91-102

Satellite services that deliver information about possible oil spills at sea currently use different labels of “confidence” to describe the detections based on radar image processing. A common approach is to use a classification differentiating between low, medium and high levels of confidence. There is an ongoing discussion on the suitability of the existing classification systems of possible oil spills detected by radar satellite images with regard to the relevant significance and correspondence to user requirements. This paper contains a basic analysis of user requirements, current technical possibilities of satellite services as well as proposals for a redesign of the classification system as an evolution towards a more structured alert system. This research work offers a first review of implemented methodologies for the categorisation of detected oil spills, together with the proposal of explorative ideas evaluated by the European Group of Experts on satellite Monitoring of sea-based oil Pollution (EGEMP).  相似文献   

Testing of dynamically substructured,base‐isolated systems using adaptive control techniques     

J. Y. Tu  P. Y. Lin  D. P. Stoten  G. Li 《地震工程与结构动力学》2010,39(6):661-681

Experimental techniques for testing dynamically substructured systems are currently receiving attention in a wide range of structural, aerospace and automotive engineering environments. Dynamic substructuring enables full‐size, critical components to be physically tested within a laboratory (as physical substructures), while the remaining parts are simulated in real‐time (as numerical substructures). High quality control is required to achieve synchronization of variables at the substructuring interfaces and to compensate for additional actuator system(s) dynamics, nonlinearities, uncertainties and time‐varying parameters within the physical substructures. This paper presents the substructuring approach and associated controller designs for performance testing of an aseismic, base‐isolation system, which is comprised of roller‐pendulum isolators and controllable, nonlinear magnetorheological dampers. Roller‐pendulum isolators are typically mounted between the protected structure and its foundation and have a fundamental period of oscillation far‐removed from the predominant periods of any earthquake. Such semi‐active damper systems can ensure safety and performance requirements, whereas the implementation of purely active systems can be problematic in this respect. A linear inverse dynamics compensation and an adaptive controller are tailored for the resulting nonlinear synchronization problem. Implementation results favourably compare the effectiveness of the adaptive substructuring method against a conventional shaking‐table technique. A 1.32% error resulted compared with the shaking‐table response. Ultimately, the accuracy of the substructuring method compared with the response of the shaking‐table is dependent upon the fidelity of the numerical substructure. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Self-centering seismic retrofit scheme for reinforced concrete frame structures: SDOF system study   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Yunfeng Zhang  Xiaobin Hu 《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2010,9(2):271-283

This paper presents the results of a parametric study of self-centering seismic retrofit schemes for reinforced concrete (RC) frame buildings. The self-centering retrofit system features flag-shaped hysteresis and minimal residual deformation. For comparison purpose,an alternate seismic retrofit scheme that uses a bilinear-hysteresis retrofit system such as buckling-restrained braces (BRB) is also considered in this paper. The parametric study was carried out in a single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) system framework since a multi-story building structure may be idealized as an equivalent SDOF system and investigation of the performance of this equivalent SDOF system can provide insight into the seismic response of the multi-story building. A peak-oriented hysteresis model which can consider the strength and stiffness degradation is used to describe the hysteretic behavior of RC structures. The parametric study involves two key parameters -the strength ratio and elastic stiffness ratio between the seismic retrofit system and the original RC frame. An ensemble of 172 earthquake ground motion records scaled to the design basis earthquake in California with a probability of exceedance of 10% in 50 years was constructed for the simulation-based parametric study. The effectiveness of the two seismic retrofit schemes considered in this study is evaluated in terms of peak displacement ratio,peak acceleration ratio,energy dissipation demand ratio and residual displacement ratio between the SDOF systems with and without retrofit. It is found from this parametric study that RC structures retrofitted with the self-centering retrofit scheme (SCRS) can achieve a seismic performance level comparable to the bilinear-hysteresis retrofit scheme (BHRS) in terms of peak displacement and energy dissipation demand ratio while having negligible residual displacement after earthquake.  相似文献   

Seismic response of underground utility tunnels: shaking table testing and FEM analysis   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

Luzhen Jiang  Jun Chen  Jie Li 《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2010,9(4):555-567

Underground utility tunnels are widely used in urban areas throughout the world for lifeline networks due to their easy maintenance and environmental protection capabilities. However, knowledge about their seismic performance is still quite limited and seismic design procedures are not included in current design codes. This paper describes a series of shaking table tests the authors performed on a scaled utility tunnel model to explore its performance under earthquake excitation. Details of the experimental setup are first presented focusing on aspects such as the design of the soil container, scaled structural model, sensor array arrangement and test procedure. The main observations from the test program, including structural response, soil response, soil-structure interaction and earth pressure, are summarized and discussed. Further, a finite element model (FEM) of the test utility tunnel is established where the nonlinear soil properties are modeled by the Drucker-Prager constitutive model; the master-slave surface mechanism is employed to simulate the soil-structure dynamic interaction; and the confining effect of the laminar shear box to soil is considered by proper boundary modeling. The results from the numerical model are compared with experiment measurements in terms of displacement, acceleration and amplification factor of the structural model and the soil. The comparison shows that the numerical results match the experimental measurements quite well. The validated numerical model can be adopted for further analysis.  相似文献